Efficiency Enhancement Strategies in Photovoltaic Solar Cells: A Review

Abstract

The global energy system continues to electrify. Obtaining a sustainable energy supply to meet this growing demand is essential for economic development and to fight climate change. Supply sources must be diverse to avoid excessive dependence on a single technology or fuel. The world’s energy supply has been largely based on fossil fuels, which releases large amounts of carbon. Clean energy supply technologies have emerged to replace fossil fuels and keep up with increasing energy demand. Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are widely regarded as the clean energy supply technology with the greatest potential to satisfy global energy needs.

Photovoltaic solar cells convert sunlight into electricity, providing a clean, renewable energy source and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The use of solar cells has gradually increased, as have their efficiencies. For solar cells made of crystalline silicon, an effciency of about 26.8% is currently achieved (Jobayer Hossain et al., 2023). Improving the effciency of photovoltaic cells can decrease the area, amount of material, and installation time required to achieve the same energy output as current conventional solar cells.

Keywords: Photovoltaic solar cells, Renewable energy systems, Clean energy technologies, Solar cell efficiency, Sustainable energy supply.